Adopted early on by the Nabis group, she discovered Cubism in 1912, decided to break up with Félix Vallotton and Maurice Denis. In 1913, she exhibited at the Salon des indépendants and wrote poems.

Her first solo exhibition took place at the Bernheim-Jeune gallery in 1914. When war was declared, the artist and her future husband, the cubist Albert Gleizes were convinced pacifists and headed for New York, where Marcel Duchamp introduced them to the circle of collectors led by Louis and Walter Arensberg.

From 1915, she participated in Dada activities with Duchamp and Francis Picabia. After a long stay in Barcelona, the Gleizes couple, who were exhibiting at Galerie Dalmau, returned to New York. Juliette Roche collaborated with Marcel Duchamp in preparing the first exhibition of the Society of Independent Artists (April 1917), where she presented a number of Dadaist-inspired works. She worked on the «second degree», in Nature morte au hachoir, the object reflects a decentered image of the war

In 1919, back in Paris, she began writing La Minéralisation de Dudley Craving Mac Adam, published in 1924 and evoking the adventures of Arthur Cravan and the exiles in New York.

In 1921, her poetry, État... colloïdal, appeared in Creación, Vincente Huidrobro’s periodical.

In 1927, together with Albert Gleizes, they founded the Moly-Sabata artists’ residence in Sablons (first ever artist residency), which provided handicraft workshops and brought together, among others, Anne Dangar (1885-1951). At the time, Roche was a fervent supporter of popular art education.

A major retrospective exhibition was held in 1962 at the Galerie Miroir in Montpellier, but it was not until the 1990s that her role in the Dada movement was reconsidered.

In 2022 and 2023 numerous paintings entered important public collections such as Orsay Museum Paris or Centre Pompidou Musée National d’Art Moderne. The Albert Gleizes Foundation has chosen Pauline Pavec Gallery to take over the Estate of Juliette Roche.