About the Work

Provenance

Literature

P.C. Sutton, Peter Paul Rubens, Emperor Commodus as Hercules and Gladiator, circa
1597-99, unpublished factsheet Jack Kilgore & Co., New York 2011
P.C. Sutton, Peter Paul Rubens : Portrait of the Emperor Servius Sulpicius Galba (3 BC
– 69 AD), Amsterdam, Salomon Lilian Dutch Old Master Paintings 2014, pp. 4-5,
fig. 1
K. Jonckheere, Portraits after Existing Prototypes (Corpus Rubenianum Ludwig
Burchard XIX/4), Turnhout/London 2016, pp. 85, 102, cat. no. 35a, fig. 139
I. van Tuinen, ‘Emperor Commodus as Hercules and as a Gladiator ‘(2017), in:
A.K. Wheelock Jr., L. Yeager-Crasselt (eds.), The Leiden Collection Catalogue (3rd
ed.), New York 2020 (see https://theleidencollection.com/artwork/the-emperor-
commodus-as-hercules-and-as-a-gladiator/, accessed April 2022)
L. Yeager-Crasselt, ‘The Leiden Collection and the Dutch Golden Age’, in: P.
Lyubimova (ed.), The Age of Rembrandt and Vermeer : Masterpieces of The Leiden
Collection, exh. cat. Moscow, The Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts, St.
Petersburg, The State Hermitage Museum 2018-2019, pp. 16-27, p. 18, note 12;
pp. 28-33, p. 29, note 12
L. Yeager-Crasselt, ‘The Leiden Collection and the Dutch Golden Age’, in: B.
Ducos, L. Yeager-Crasselt (eds.), Rembrandt, Vermeer and the Dutch Golden Age :
Masterpieces from The Leiden Collection and the Musée du Louvre, exh. cat. Abu Dhabi,
Louvre Abu Dhabi 2019, pp. 24-31, p. 26, note 10
A.T. Woollett, ‘Toward a living past: Rubens and the antique Triumph’, in: A.T.
Woollett, D. Gasparotto, J. Spier (eds.), Rubens : Picturing Antiquity, exh. cat. Los
Angeles, J. Paul Getty Museum 2021-2022, pp. 70-84, p. 75, and p. 106, cat. no. 20,
ill.
J. Wood, B. Schepers, in: E. McGrath, B. Schepers, B. Vanoppen (eds.), Mythological
Subjects : Hercules to Olympus (Corpus Rubenianum Ludwig Burchard XXI/2), 2 vols.,
Turnhout/London 2022, 1, pp. 106-107, note 32